That U shaped piece of pipe under your sink is called a P-trap. The purpose is to create a water seal and keep sewer gas from entering the household. A requirement of a properly installed P-trap is that it has a water seal of not less than 2 inches and not more than 4 inches (between the two horizontal red lines)... the P-trap depth in the photo is about 12". Over time the P-trap will become plugged with anything that is washed down the kitchen sink. Eventually, the sink will begin to drain slowly, as there's not enough pipe water flow to clear the trap of debris. Also, the use of flexible drain pipe is not permitted (rigid pipe only), as the flex pipe sections slows water flow and contributes to trapping debris at the bottom of the trap. My recommendation called for further review by...
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